Turkey: Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration

International Arbitration Comparative Guide for the jurisdiction of Turkey, check out our comparative guides section to compare across multiple countries

International Arbitration Comparative Guide for the jurisdiction of Turkey, check out our comparative guides section to compare across multiple countries

Imagine that you consult a legal issue with your lawyer. You most likely would want the discussion between you and your lawyer to be kept between the two of you.

Yabancı ortaklı bir şirketin Türkiye’de tescilli bir merkez adresinin bulunması gerekir. Ancak ortakların yabancı olması, kural olarak şirkete özgü bir ofis kiralanmasını zorunlu kılmaz. Seçilen adresin tescile ve resmî yazışmaların yürütülmesine uygun olması gerekir. Şirketin ayrıca çalışanların bulunduğu, müşterilerin kabul edildiği veya malların depolandığı bir işyerine ihtiyaç duyup duymayacağı ise planlanan faaliyetlere bağlıdır.

Türk usul hukukunda genel ilke, kanunda aksi öngörülmedikçe, usule ilişkin sürelerin tebliğ ile başlamasıdır. Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu (HMK), İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu ve çeşitli diğer kanunlar uyarınca, taraflara yönelik usul işlemlerine ilişkin kanuni süreler, kararın veya ilgili işlemin usulüne uygun şekilde tebliğ edildiği tarihten itibaren işlemeye başlar.

This article explains the principal routes for collecting monetary claims in Türkiye under the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law No. 2004. It distinguishes ordinary enforcement without a judgment from judgment-based enforcement, the special procedure for negotiable instruments and bankruptcy proceedings. It examines payment orders, debtor objections, actions to annul an objection, summary removal of an objection, mandatory mediation, precautionary attachment, asset investigation, attachment and sale.

The Turkish Constitutional Court examined whether dismissing a reinstatement action for failure to comply with mandatory mediation requirements violated the right of access to justice, despite the final mediation record explicitly referencing the reinstatement dispute. The case centered on whether courts can impose overly formalistic interpretations of procedural preconditions when the substance of mediation clearly encompassed the disputed claim.

This article examines court-ordered interim relief in Türkiye where the underlying dispute is subject to arbitration. It distinguishes interim injunctions from interim attachments, explains the role of Article 6 of International Arbitration Law No. 4686, and addresses the separate statutory conditions under the Code of Civil Procedure and the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law. Particular attention is given to foreign-seated arbitrations, tribunal and emergency-arbitrator powers, security, procedural deadlines and the preservation of Turkish assets pending an award or enforcement proceeding.

Turkish trademark law practitioners face significant procedural challenges when challenging decisions of the Re-examination and Evaluation Board (YİDK), particularly when seeking both the cancellation of administrative decisions and the invalidation of registered trademarks. This article examines the legal complexities arising from combining these distinct legal remedies in a single proceeding, including issues of jurisdiction, party standing, and evidentiary scope.

This article explains the principal routes for collecting monetary claims in Türkiye under the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law No. 2004. It distinguishes ordinary enforcement without a judgment from judgment-based enforcement, the special procedure for negotiable instruments and bankruptcy proceedings. It examines payment orders, debtor objections, actions to annul an objection, summary removal of an objection, mandatory mediation, precautionary attachment, asset investigation, attachment and sale.

When critical care falls short in Turkey's intensive care units, the consequences can be devastating and often preventable. This comprehensive guide examines the legal standards ICUs must meet, the common failures that lead to harm, and the rights families have when negligence causes injury or death in these high-stakes medical environments.

When emergency care in Turkey fails to meet accepted standards, the consequences can be catastrophic. This comprehensive guide examines the legal framework governing emergency response errors, from triage mistakes and delayed treatment to wrongful refusals and premature discharge, explaining when urgent care failures cross the line into actionable medical malpractice.