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Historically, the primary tools available were administrative procedures: oppositions, invalidations, and non‑use cancellations.

China's utility model patent system has propelled the nation to account for 96.7% of global filings in 2024, with 3.2 million applications compared to negligible numbers in Europe and none in the United States. This institutional innovation, designed specifically for incremental innovations and product improvements, has become a cornerstone of China's manufacturing transformation and technological advancement.

China's financial regulatory authorities have issued seven major policy documents covering banking and insurance license management, administrative licensing procedures, consumer complaint handling, digital finance development, data security enhancement, technology insurance expansion, and low-altitude economy insurance frameworks.