Asia: Technology

GRATA International Kazakhstan contributed to The International AI in Financial Services Review 2026/27, published by Beaumont Capital Markets. The Kazakhstan chapter examines the country's emerging regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in the financial sector, covering AI regulation, fintech development, consumer protection, and data privacy. An expanded version of the article provides more detailed analysis of AI and financial services regulation in Kazakhstan.

Vietnam's State Bank has issued Circular 39, establishing a new regulatory framework that allows offshore credit institutions to conduct cross-border payment services through accounts held at Vietnam-based licensed banks. This development marks a significant shift from previous restrictions that limited non-resident account usage to their own transactions only. The new framework provides greater regulatory certainty for international banks, payment service providers, and fintech companies seeking to expand

Indonesia's financial regulator OJK has released draft rules establishing a comprehensive financial reporting integrity framework for fintech, digital financial assets, and crypto asset providers. The proposed regulation introduces mandatory internal controls, governance accountability measures, and significant penalties for reporting violations, extending liability beyond provider entities to directors, commissioners, controlling shareholders, and employees.

The general rule is that a business cannot send unsolicited emails to market, sell, and promote their goods and services.

"Statement Expectations" sets out ACMA views on the minimum requirements needed to comply with the Spam Act.

This heavy penalty was a reminder to all businesses to ensure that their marketing complies with regulations.

A landmark patent invalidation case reveals how China's patent office evaluates AI inventions that apply algorithms to specific scenarios. The case centers on whether fine-tuning a pre-trained neural network mode...

Thailand’s Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA), which describes itself as a “co-creation regulator” working collaboratively with industry rather than imposing top-down rules...

The Information Technology Act, 2000 empowers the Central Government under section 87 to frame rules governing intermediaries, including the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.

Can AI really make you say something you never said? Without a doubt. Imagine waking up to find a video of yourself on your phone saying things that never left your lips, and watching it spread like wildfire right in the middle of election season. That is exactly what happened to Congress MP Shashi Tharoor in March 2026, when deepfake videos made it look like he was praising Pakistan’s diplomacy, forcing him to rush to court just to get the fake footage taken down.

China's Supreme People's Court has issued comprehensive judicial rules addressing artificial intelligence disputes, establishing frameworks for product liability, intellectual property rights, and data protection. These landmark opinions provide critical guidance for global companies navigating AI-related legal risks in China's evolving regulatory landscape.

With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) enabled tools, industries throughout the world are witnessing a stark shift in their operations and increasingly trying to harmonize the operations of their enterprises with AI led efficiencies. Even Global Capability Centres (“GCCs”) in India are making significant investments in AI with EY India GCC Pulse Survey 2025 estimating that 83% of GCCs already operating in India have invested in GenAI, and 58% of GCCs operating in India already investing in Agentic AI.