Corporate consolidation involves two or more businesses merging to become a single larger entity. The result is often a stronger and more competitive company that can better navigate today's competitive marketplace.
What Is Corporate Consolidation?
Corporate consolidation closely resembles a basic merger transaction. The primary difference is that a consolidation creates an entirely new business entity. A consolidation may be preferable when the merging entities do not want one or the other to continue as a surviving entity.
Corporate consolidation can also help give the new corporation a "fresh start" and allow it to develop a new brand separate from the consolidating corporations. Short form merger processes provide alternative approaches for certain types of corporate combinations.
The basic requirements for corporate consolidation are outlined under state law and, thus, may vary by jurisdiction. To initiate a consolidation, the businesses involved must agree to a plan of consolidation, which each corporation's Board of Directors must approve. Each board must then send the proposal to its shareholders for approval.
Legal Requirements and Filing Procedures
Consolidation plans must generally be filed with the appropriate state agency. State law also dictates what must be included in a consolidation plan. Given that most laws only require basic elements (i.e. name of consolidating entities, name of new corporation, etc.) most parties also separately and privately enter into a more detailed, comprehensive agreement detailing all of the specific terms and conditions of the transaction.
Benefits of Corporate Consolidation
Businesses pursue corporate consolidation for many different reasons. Some of the most common include:
- Increased market share and competitive advantage
- Reduced costs through economies of scale and streamlining of operations
- Access to new markets and technologies
- Enhanced innovation and product development
- Improved financial performance and profitability
- Improved consolidated management team
Corporate restructuring in mergers and acquisitions becomes essential for achieving these benefits and ensuring successful integration.
What Happens When Corporations Consolidate?
The corporate consolidation process is complex and requires integration of management, staff, processes, and culture. Below is a brief summary of the legal implications of a corporate consolidation:
- The corporations party to the plan of consolidation become a single corporation, as provided for in the plan of consolidation
- The separate existences of all corporations party to the plan of consolidation, except the new corporation, cease
- The new corporation has all the rights, privileges, and immunities of each of the consolidating corporations
- All property and debts automatically transfer to the new corporation. All other interests belonging to each consolidating corporation also transfer without additional action required
- The new corporation becomes responsible for all liabilities and obligations from the consolidated companies. This includes obligations to employees, except where written agreements or law provide exemptions Existing claims or legal proceedings against the original corporations continue as normal. The new corporation may be substituted in place of the original entities
- No rights of creditors or any liens upon the property of any of the corporations is impaired by the consolidation
Antitrust Issues Mergers Face During Consolidation
Corporate consolidation can raise antitrust concerns if it leads to a significant reduction in competition. When antitrust issues mergers create substantial market concentration, regulatory agencies take notice. Antitrust laws, like the Sherman Antitrust Act, Clayton Antitrust Act, and Federal Trade Commission Act, are designed to ensure that businesses compete fairly. Mergers are considered anticompetitive where the effect "may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly."
Understanding Competition and Market Impact
Competition incentivizes businesses to offer lower prices, improve wages and working conditions, enhance quality and resiliency, innovate, and expand choice, among many other benefits. Mergers that substantially reduce competition or tend to create a monopoly increase, extend, or entrench market power and deprive the public of these benefits.
Antitrust issues mergers can lessen competition when they diminish competitive constraints, reduce the number or attractiveness of alternatives available to trading partners, or reduce the intensity with which market participants compete. Antitrust litigation considerations become important when consolidations face regulatory scrutiny or enforcement actions.
Regulatory Filing Requirements
Some consolidations can also trigger filing obligations based on the size of the parties and the value of the transaction. In such cases, the parties involved in the transaction must file notification with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and observe a waiting period before closing.
Given that antitrust regulations can lead to fines or even interfere with your ability to successfully complete the transaction, it is always advisable to work with experienced counsel early in the transaction.
Professional Legal Guidance for M&A Transactions
The attorneys of Scarinci Hollenbeck's Mergers & Acquisitions Practice provide comprehensive guidance to businesses of all sizes and industries. No matter how complex the M&A transaction, you can count on our attorneys to guide you through the process, from securing merger plan approval to regulatory compliance to corporate consolidation post-deal integration.
Successfully navigating corporate consolidation requires careful attention to both the strategic benefits and potential regulatory challenges, particularly when antitrust issues mergers may impact your transaction timeline and approval process.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.
