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The Philippine Government’s Energy Conservation Measures Under Memorandum Circular No. 114 And Their Potential Impact On The Private Sector
In light of ongoing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and the resulting volatility in global energy markets, the Philippine President issued Memorandum Circular No. 114, directing national government agencies, including government-owned or controlled corporations, to adopt energy conservation measures.
Philippines Energy
VA
Villaraza & Angangco Law Offices
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The 2025 NLRC Rules: Consolidating Reforms And Narrowing Procedural Leeway
The 2025 NLRC Rules of Procedure (“2025 Rules”), which became effective 13 January 2026, replaced the 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended (“2011 Rules”), after nearly fifteen years of application. Although the 2025 issuance has been described as a major procedural overhaul, a closer comparison shows that the reform is largely a recalibration rather than a wholesale restructuring.
Philippines Employment
VA
Villaraza & Angangco Law Offices
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