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As the EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR) becomes fully applicable on 1 July 2026, third-country crypto-asset service providers face critical decisions about market access. Article 61's 'reverse solicitation' exception offers a narrow pathway for serving EEA clients without authorisation, but ESMA's guidelines reveal strict conditions that may catch many providers off guard.

A regulatory gap that had existed for several years between the European Union and the EEA EFTA States has now closed: since 1 August 2026, Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 on European crowdfunding service providers for business, generally referred to as the ECSPR, is applicable in Liechtenstein, opening a harmonised authorisation route for qualifying crowdfunding platforms and, more importantly from a commercial perspective, bringing Liechtenstein within the European cross-border framework for regulated crowdfunding services.

Data protection disputes rarely begin with spectacular cyberattacks. More often, they arise from something considerably more ordinary: an employee who fails to implement an objection to direct marketing, a customer record that is used for a purpose outside established procedures, or a camera installed for perfectly understandable security reasons that captures a neighbour, an employee, a visitor or a publicly accessible area.