Worldwide: International Law

On April 20, 2026, CBP launched Phase 1 of the Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries (CAPE). Importers of record (IORs) and licensed customs brokers may now file CAPE Declarations through ACE.

A new antidumping action has been filed against Polytetramethylene Ether Glycol from China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The allegation is that imports from China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam are being dumped.

Recent securities class actions against Dow Inc. and Tronox Holdings plc underscore the growing litigation risk associated with tariff‑related and broader economic disclosures in periodic reports, earnings calls, and investor communications.

The table below presents a structured timeline of executive actions, policy directives, and trade-related decisions issued by President Trump’s administration from January 2025 to the present. It focuses on critical areas such as tariffs, economic sanctions (OFAC), the priorities of the Department of Justice, customs regulations, and broader trade and economic policies.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection has launched Phase I of its CAPE system in ACE to process IEEPA tariff duty refunds following the Atmus Filtration court order.

Over the past decade, especially after the expansion of Russia-related measures in 2022, secondary sanctions have moved from a niche concept to a central pillar of U.S. economic enforcement. Unlike traditional sanctions, which are largely tied to jurisdictional limits, secondary sanctions reach beyond U.S. borders. They can expose non-U.S. companies, financial institutions, intermediaries, and entire trade networks to significant legal, financial, and commercial risk.

Several tribunals and courts were established at various periods of America's history to resolve trade-related litigation, both at the trial and appellate levels, and even the Supreme Court has played a significant role in these disputes.

Civil litigation in the United States presents unique challenges for non-U.S. entities, from expansive pretrial discovery to parallel court systems and public proceedings.

In Part 1, we described why the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is becoming more investable for U.S. companies that engage selectively and with discipline.