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When pollution damages Nigerian communities, who bears legal responsibility and what remedies are available? This analysis examines how Nigerian courts establish environmental liability, exploring statutory frameworks like the Oil Pipelines Act, tort law principles, and the evolving intersection of environmental harm with constitutional human rights protections.

1.1 The decision of the Supreme Court of Nigeria in EMTS Ltd v Afdin Ventures Ltd & Ors.,2 signifies a further consolidation of Nigeria’s pro-arbitration jurisprudence within the global framework of international commercial arbitration. The judgment prioritized the efficacy of achieving finality in arbitration proceedings over technical procedural requirements and addressed issues relating to the enforceability of arbitral awards against non-signatories, allegations of fraud in arbitration, judicial intervention in arbitral awards and the need for expeditious determination of arbitration related litigation.

The increasing digitalisation of global commerce fundamentally transforms how Trade Finance is deployed and accessed by businesses. The International Chamber of Commerce (“the ICC”) defines Trade Finance as the invisible bridge that makes global trade flow. Trade Finance connects entities across continents, mitigates payment risks and is enzymatic to market progression and economic stability.