Europe: Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration

The Free Trade Agreement between Ukraine and Türkiye, ratified in July 2026, establishes a comprehensive framework extending far beyond simple tariff reductions. While the agreement introduces product-specific customs duty eliminations and phased reductions, it also creates binding rules for services trade, commercial establishment, electronic commerce, and state-to-state dispute resolution.

When a Moscow arbitration threatened to drain assets protected by an English court undertaking, the High Court ordered disclosure of confidential arbitration materials. This November 2025 decision examines when arbitral confidentiality must yield to asset protection, and what it means for parties navigating parallel proceedings across jurisdictions.

KEEEX SAS has initiated infringement proceedings before the Paris Local Division of the Unified Patent Court against major technology companies including Adobe, OpenAI, Truepic, and the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity. The case involves European Patent EP 2 949 070 and centers on a procedural order regarding modification of security for costs under Rule 158 of the Rules of Procedure.

The UK government is consulting on a package of reforms to make the opt-out collective proceedings (CPO) regime, regulatory appeals and competition enforcement swifter and simpler. This follows a call for evidence last year on the CPO regime. The key proposals include:

The High Court dismissed a claim that an intra-group restructuring, involving the release of pension liabilities, amounted to a transaction at an undervalue (TUV) for the purpose of the Insolvency Act 1986: Cohen v Co-operative Group Ltd [2026] EWHC 1228 (Ch).

The Competition Appeal Tribunal has ruled on the withdrawal of five opt-out claims against musical instrument manufacturers, examining whether a Proposed Class Representative's failure...

The judgment of C v D et al (judgment of 17 December 2025) in the Isle of Man provides trustees with the helpful confirmation that a trustee can seek the blessing of the Court ...

A foreign judgment does not become executable in Turkey until enforcement is granted. Interim attachment may preserve assets in the meantime, but maturity, evidence, security and strict continuation periods require separate analysis.

In Germany, strikes are a reality across nearly every sector, but not every work stoppage is lawful. When trade unions call industrial action, employers face critical questions about...

Necrosis after plastic surgery in Turkey can be a devastating complication that transforms a cosmetic procedure into a medical emergency and potential legal battle. When blackened skin, tissue loss, or wound breakdown occurs following tummy tucks, liposuction, or breast surgery, patients face not only physical harm but also questions about whether their suffering resulted from medical negligence.

Investigations into NHS paediatric audiology services have revealed systemic failures affecting hundreds of children, including delayed assessments and missed hearing loss diagnoses that may have impacted speech, language and educational development. Families affected by these failures in care may have legal options to pursue compensation where delays caused avoidable harm and lost opportunities for early intervention. Understanding the scope of these failures and the potential consequences for children's d

When hospitals fail to meet accepted standards of care through diagnostic errors, surgical mistakes, medication failures, or inadequate patient monitoring, patients may suffer preventable harm.