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Egypt's fintech licensing framework requires companies to navigate between two primary regulators—the Central Bank of Egypt for payment services and the Financial Regulatory Authority for non-bank financial activities. Understanding which regulator governs your specific fintech activity, from digital wallets to BNPL platforms, determines your capital requirements, ownership structure, and compliance obligations before you can legally operate in the Egyptian market.

The valuation opinion could be based on a financial analysis carried out to facilitate a transaction, establish an ownership value, evaluate damages, or settle commercial disputes; however, the nature of such valuation opinion undergoes considerable change when the valuation is scrutinized in court. Here, the issue is no longer about the reasonableness of the valuation figure generated; it is about whether the expert witness is able to prove how he arrived at that figure and why the underlying analysis is reliable.

Egypt's Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 of 2020 establishes comprehensive regulations for handling personal data of natural persons, creating a Personal Data Protection Center with enforcement authority. The law defines obligations for data controllers and processors, sets conditions for cross-border data transfers, and prescribes penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment for violations including unauthorized collection, processing, or disclosure of personal and sensitive data.