Australia: Copyright

A service provider who has not assigned their intellectual property still owns it, regardless of what the invoice says. Under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), the creator owns copyright by default, and ownership moves only by written assignment. Paying a designer or developer does not transfer ownership on its own. That default gives service providers real leverage where a client refuses to pay. Retention and suspension clauses turn the default into a contractual right to withhold deliverables.

Franchising in Australia operates under a well-developed legal regime. The Franchising Code of Conduct, which has the force of law under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), sets minimum standards for disclosure, franchise agreements, and the conduct of the franchise relationship.

Recent copyright infringement case considers how to assess whether a part of the copied work is a "substantial part".