European Union: Contracts and Commercial Law

The European Commission's proposed EU Kids Act introduces sweeping new requirements for digital service providers, establishing a harmonised age threshold of 15 for social media access and mandating safety-by-design principles across online platforms. This comprehensive regulatory framework fundamentally reshapes how providers must verify ages, design interfaces, and protect minors in the digital space, with sanctions reaching up to 6% of worldwide annual turnover for non-compliance.

The European Commission has released comprehensive guidelines on applying Article 102 TFEU to exclusionary conduct by dominant firms, modernizing EU competition policy while codifying existing case law. These guidelines introduce analytical frameworks for assessing various types of anticompetitive behavior, including predatory pricing, margin squeeze, exclusive dealing, and tying arrangements, while addressing the role of presumptions and efficiency defenses in establishing abuse of dominance.

La Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona analiza un caso sobre patentes que establece criterios relevantes sobre la transmisión del derecho a solicitar una patente y la cesión de cuotas de titularidad. El tribunal examina la validez de transmisiones parciales en contextos societarios y precisa cuándo procede el derecho de retracto en situaciones de cotitularidad.

A Belgian court has suspended a €750 million casino concession after the contracting authority failed to include mandatory Foreign Subsidies Regulation notification requirements in its tender procedures. The ruling demonstrates that national courts are prepared to directly enforce FSR compliance obligations in public procurement, potentially creating new enforcement dynamics similar to those seen in State aid cases.

Η Κύπρος έχει διαχρονικά προσελκύσει σημαντικές ξένες επενδύσεις λόγω της στρατηγικής γεωγραφικής της θέσης, του επιχειρηματικού της περιβάλλοντος και του διεθνούς προσανατολισμού της. Ωστόσο, τ

Construction contracts under the Public Works Contract establish a rigorous procedural framework that contractors must navigate before any valuation of variations or compensation events can occur. This analysis examines the critical distinction between establishing entitlement through proper claims procedures and the subsequent valuation process, exploring how failure to comply with notice requirements and conditions precedent can bar claims regardless of their underlying merit.

The EU Forced Labour Regulation prohibits products made with forced labour from entering or leaving the EU market starting December 2027. Companies must establish product-level traceability, investigation readiness protocols, and evidence-based compliance architectures to demonstrate their products are not connected to forced labour practices. This comprehensive analysis translates the regulation's legal framework and newly published Guidelines into actionable workstreams for general counsel and compliance

The European Union has proposed a comprehensive Public Procurement Act that would consolidate over fifty scattered provisions into a single Regulation, fundamentally transforming how public contracts are awarded across Member States. This reform introduces flexible procurement procedures, digital marketplace integration, and a mandatory emphasis on quality over price, while implementing new security requirements and reducing barriers for SMEs. With public procurement representing 15% of EU GDP, these change

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