Asia: Consumer Protection

When a borrower defaults on a loan, does the lender have an immediate right to repossess property or force a sale? This article examines the negotiation options available to borrowers after loan default, the statutory protections under the National Credit Code, and the enforcement rights and obligations of lenders under Queensland's Property Law Act 2023.

The Reserve Bank of India has issued comprehensive Master Directions for Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) platforms, introducing significant changes to capital requirements, operational obligations, and participant eligibility. These new regulations mandate a minimum net worth of INR 25 crore for platform operators, formalize the role of credit guarantee funds, and establish that all factoring units must be strictly "without recourse" to MSME sellers, fundamentally reshaping the framework for tr

Hong Kong is introducing sweeping reforms to its unsecured lending market, targeting predatory practices that have long exposed vulnerable borrowers and innocent third parties to aggressive debt collection. The new measures, set to roll out in two phases starting August 2026, will impose debt servicing ratio caps on low-income earners, ban the use of loan referees, and mandate credit reporting through a centralised platform.

中国最高人民法院が公表した典型事例では、ライブコマースで販売された偽造フェイスクリームをめぐり、販売業者が第一義的責任を負い、配

India's food safety regulator has issued a stark warning to celebrities and social media influencers: verify health and nutritional claims before promoting food products, or face potential legal consequences. As influencer advertising violations surge to over 21% of all advertising complaints, the question of accountability has moved from public backlash to formal regulatory scrutiny, with recent show-cause notices issued to major Bollywood stars.

Indian regulators are taking a stricter stance on food and beverage labeling, penalizing companies for misleading "100%" claims even when ingredient lists tell a different story. Two recent enforcement actions demonstrate that prominent product claims will be judged by the message ordinary consumers receive, not by technical compliance with compositional standards or fine-print qualifications.

When equipment is hired out but later damaged, hire businesses face a familiar challenge: who says the equipment wasn’t already faulty, who bears the risk, and can the hirer recover the cost of repair? The NSW Supreme Court’s decision in Civiltrak Sydney Pty Ltd v Orange Equipment Pty Ltd t/as Orange Hire offers valuable guidance to solving this puzzle.

We recently examined how fraud can undermine indefeasibility and the resulting risks for lenders. You can read that article here: Indefeasibility of title - legal certainty in an age of rising fraud. This article analyses the High Court of Australia’s decision in Stubbings v Jams 2 Pty Ltd [2022] HCA 6, which remains the leading authority on responsible lending practices, notwithstanding the passage of four years since judgment.

Dark patterns fall through the cracks of consumer protection law, where enforcement stays weak and penalties trivial. This article argues that when a dominant enterprise deploys such patterns, Section 4 of the Competition Act, 2002 applies concurrently, not as an alternative, giving CCI a stronger deterrent role alongside sectoral regulators.

中国最高人民法院が公表した典型事例では、ライブコマースで販売された偽造フェイスクリームをめぐり、販売業者が第一義的責任を負い、配

On June 18, 2026, the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) issued an stating that if a brand’s product label, website, or advertising uses the term ‘100%’ in any claim about composition, ingredients, or naturalness, then that claim must be literally and verifiably true.

When India's food regulator ordered Dabur to stop selling products labeled "100% Pure," the Delhi High Court intervened with an interim stay. The case raises fundamental questions about how absolute advertising claims should be regulated and whether prohibitory action can be taken without adequate procedural safeguards.