European Union: Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration

Belgium's new Book 7 of the Civil Code preserves the existing hotel operator liability regime unchanged due to international treaty obligations under the 1962 Paris Convention. The restructured provisions maintain liability caps, mandatory safekeeping duties, and unlimited liability exceptions that have governed the hospitality sector since 1970.

Belgium's House of Representatives has definitively approved Book 7 of the Civil Code, introducing significant reforms to construction contract legislation that will enter into force in September 2027. The final legislation includes several important refinements to the February 2025 proposal, including changes to pre-existing circumstances tests, conformity defect notification rules, and limitation periods. Businesses concluding construction contracts must carefully review and revise their existing contract

A defendant may have a sound answer to a claim and still face judgment if the court papers go unanswered. Once proceedings have been served, the first priority is to establish the deadline for responding. The merits of the dispute can then be examined without the defence being put at risk by a missed procedural step.

When a buyer fails to meet contractual obligations in a Dutch property sale, can sellers automatically claim the standard 10% penalty? This case examines how courts balance contractual penalties against fairness principles when financing delays stem from immigration document processing issues.

Manchester City faces 114 proven charges out of 115 brought by the Premier League for financial rule breaches spanning nearly a decade. The independent Commission found evidence of a "Disguised Funding Scheme" that overstated the club's revenue by over £830 million, raising questions about potential sanctions, appeals, and compensation claims from rival clubs.

When an executor or administrator fails to progress an estate, beneficiaries face uncertainty about their inheritance and limited information about what is causing the delay. This article examines the legal remedies available to heirs in Cyprus, from requesting accounts and court directions to seeking removal and replacement of an inactive personal representative.

A stay of appeal proceedings pending a decision on invalidity under R. 118.2(b) and R. 242.2(a) RoP requires that the nullity action be pending between the same parties. A nullity action brought by a third party does not meet this precondition, even invoking R. 295(m) RoP.

Under Rule 171(2) RoP, a defendant is not required to provide counter-measurements if the claimant’s initial measurements regarding a claim feature are inherently unconvincing and inconclusive

The Court of Appeal reviews ex officio whether a statement of appeal is validly signed under R. 224, R. 4.1 RoP, irrespective of when a party raises the objection

When an executor or administrator fails to progress an estate, beneficiaries face uncertainty about their inheritance and limited information about what is causing the delay. This article examines the legal remedies available to heirs in Cyprus, from requesting accounts and court directions to seeking removal and replacement of an inactive personal representative.

The Court of Justice of the European Union applies a rigorous standard when evaluating urgency in applications for provisional measures, requiring applicants to demonstrate immediate and irreparable harm. This strict interpretation shapes the strategic considerations for parties seeking interim relief in EU intellectual property disputes. Understanding these procedural requirements is essential for effectively navigating emergency applications before European courts.

A defendant may have a sound answer to a claim and still face judgment if the court papers go unanswered. Once proceedings have been served, the first priority is to establish the deadline for responding. The merits of the dispute can then be examined without the defence being put at risk by a missed procedural step.